Development of Multimedia Education Program in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

Pattern of Reinnervation in Denervated Rat Gastrocnemius Muscle by Various Procedures of Reinnervation / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We tried to investigate the effectiveness of various methods of reinnervation including nerve-muscle pedicle transfer, nerve anastomosis, nerve implantation. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Control group and experimental groups each consisted 5 rats, as follows: a denervated tibial nerve without reinnervation (control), a common peroneal nerve and 2X2 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle grafted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle after the removal of epimysium (group I), a common peroneal nerve and 4X4 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle grafted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle after the removal of epimysium (group II), a common peroneal nerve and 2X2 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle grafted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle after removal of epimysium and part of muscle (group III), a common peroneal nerve and 4X4 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle grafted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle after removal of epimysium and part of muscle (group IV), a common peroneal nerve and 2X2 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle inserted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle (group V), a common peroneal nerve inserted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle (group VI), and anastomesed common peroneal nerve to distal tibialis nerve (group VII). Electromyography, muscle contraction power study, histotological analysis and counting of motor end-plate were applied for estimating the reinnervation of denervated muscle. RESULTS: In motor nerve conduction studies, Group VII and III showed significantly higher amplitude of the compound muscle action potentials than other groups. In muscle contraction power studies, Group VII and III showed significantly powerful contraction. In histological analysis, group VII and III showed less muscle atrophy. The motor end-plate count was more in the groups VII, III, I, V, VI, II and IV in order. CONCLUSION: Nerve anastomosis and 2X2 mm nerve-muscle pedicle transfer showed more successful regeneration of denervated muscle than other reinnervation methods including nerve implantation.

The Change of Molecular Event of p53 by Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil in Hypopharyngeal Cell Line(PNUH-12) / 대한이비인후과학회지

OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND: In head and neck cancer including hypopharyngeal carcinoma, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil usually have been used as neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic agents. We investigated the difference in the influences of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the p53 protein expression and cell responses (cell cycle arrest and apoptosis) in the hypopharyngeal cell line (PHUH-12). METHOD: PNUH-12 with a mutant type p53 (one point mutation at the 78th base, C to G, in exon 7) was treated with cisplatin and 5-FU. Changes in the cell line were assessed by MTT assay, Western blotting (p53 and p21 protein), DNA fragmentation, PI stain, and DNA flow cytometry. RESULTS: The p53 protein expression was increased after the treatment with cisplatin and 5-FU. The expression of p21 protein was increased after the treatment with 5-FU, not cisplatin. With cisplatin, we observed apoptosis by DNA fragmentation and PI stain and the increased S phase on DNA flow cytometry. But, with 5-FU, we couldn't observe apoptosis by DNA fragmentation, PI, and flow cytometry and only the increased G1 phase on DNA flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: In hypopharyngeal cell line (PNUH-12), cisplatin induced p53 dependent apoptosis and 5-FU induced p53 and p21 dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil has a relatively poor prognosis. Surgery, radiation therapy and combinations of irradiation and surgery have been employed but there exists some controversy about the efficacy of these treatment modalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of tonsillar neoplasm. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Medical records of 21 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for tonsillar neoplasm at Pusan National University Hospital from April 1995 through August 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The three year survival rate was 81.0%. The three year survival rates for stages I,II were both 100%. For stages III, IV, the rates were 83.3%, 87.5%, respectively. The three year survival rate for T1, T2, T3 were 100%, 92.3%, 40.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy would be effective treatment modality for tonsillar neoplasm with high survival rate and low morbidity.

Genetic Alterations of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cancer is a genetic disease in which several genetic events are required to induce normal cells to convert to malignancy. Functional loss of tumor suppressor genes is related to these events, but the molecular mechanism is not well known. This study was designed to identify whether the tumor suppressor genes, Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT), p16, Retinoblastoma (Rb), and p53 were involved in the carcinogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to determine whether FHIT alterations play a role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was analysed by using microsatellite markers D3S1285 and D3S1481 for FHIT, microsatellite marker D9S171 for p16, investigation of AccII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and investigation of variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) for p53, Xba I RFLP and VNTR for Rb. The FHIT gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). RESULTS: The results of LOH analysis by using microsatellite markers D3S1285 and D3S1481 for FHIT, microsatellite marker D9S171 for p16, investigation of AccII RFLP and investigation of VNTR for p 53, VNTR for Rb were 8% (1/12), 0% (0/13), 18% (2/11), 14% (1/7), 22% (2/9), 17% (1/6), respectively. As a result of analysis of genomic DNA of FHIT gene by SSCP, two cases showed that the polymorphic change occurs at exon 8 codon 98 (CAT-->CAC), and that it is a silent substitution. CONCLUSION: Based on the experimental result of the change in tumor suppressor genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, the genetic alterations were most frequently observed in p53 followed by Rb, p16 and FHIT but it is not significant. It is also expected that FHIT has little influence on the process of carcinogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Aerodynamic and Acoustic Analysis of Respiration and Phonation Methods in Normal Adults / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many patients who have voice disorders simply use too much effort and strain when they speak or sing and create too much laryngeal muscle tension. Therefore voice therapy have been a viable adjunct to surgery and pharmachological therapy for the management of voice disorder. No definitive data exist about the efficacy of techniques used in voice therapy. Moreover, aerodynamic and acoustic analysis according to respiration and phonation methods has seldom been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, healthy adults with natural breathing, abdominal breathing, and abdominal breathing with resonant phonation were analysed by aerodynamic and acoustic method. RESULTS: In the order of natural breathing, abdominal breathing, and abdominal breathing with resonant phonation, maximum phonation tended to increase, but without statistical significance. In both sex, the fundamental frequency, mean airflow rate, intensity tended to increase and glottal resistance tended to decrease at abdominal breathing and abdominal breathing with resonant phonation than natural breathing, but without statistical significance, except in easy voice. In female, jitter and shimmer were decreased and NHR was increased at abdominal breathing with resonant phonation and the improvement of acoustic aspects was significant. CONCLUSION: A change of mode of respiration and phonation which inspire more air and control subglottal pressure properly was found to reduce the glottal adduction and increase the vocal efficiency. This respiration and phonation method appear to enhance normal vocal function especially in female who is apt to have more voice disorders than male.

The Analysis of Voice Problems in Korean Classical Singers / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There have been no systematic studies addressing the voice problems among Korean classical singers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the voice problems in Korean classical singers and provide a guide in the management of their voice problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The voice problems in 222 classical singers who visited Ewha woman's university hospital with dysphonia were analyzed, using laryngovideostroboscopy, aerodynamic and acoustic analyzer. RESULTS: The most common voice symptom in Korean classical singers was hoarseness (62.1%) and their most common lesion in the vocal folds was vocal nodule (42.8%). In classical singers who had vocal nodule, there was no significant reduction of expiratory pressure (p<0.05), but the mean air flow rate was increased (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between classical singers who had vocal nodule and normal adults in jitter, shimmer and noise to harmonic ratio (NHR). CONCLUSION: This study reveals that numerous voice problems can be present even in trained classical singers. Also, we recognized the fact that normal voice may occur even in the presence of abnormal laryngeal findings in trained professional classical singers because of their training to protect and refine their vocal skills. Therefore, in future studies, it may be useful for laryngologists to obtain a baseline assessment of laryngeal function in trained classical singers to permit accurate diagnosis of the causes of voice dysfunction in voice professionals whose baseline laryngeal behavior may be unusual.

The Clinical Usefulness of Aerodynamic Test Using the Airway Interruption Method in Patients with Laryngeal Disorders / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The airway interruption method was developed as a combination of the measurement of expiratory pressure, mean air flow, intensity, and frequency. We evaluated the clinical usefulness of the airway interruption method in measuring vocal frequency, vocal intensity, mean air flow rate and expiratory air pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed phonatory function tests in the patients with vocal nodule (n=380), vocal polyp (n=41), vocal sulcus (n=20), laryngitis (n=72), vocal paralysis (n=10) and glottic cancer, T 1 (n=5). And these results were compared with normal values which were reported previously. In 91 patients with vocal nodule and 5 patients with polyp, phonatory function test was followed up after laryngomicrosurgery and compared with preoperative test. RESULTS: In patients with vocal nodule and polyp, mean air flow rate was significantly increased (p<0.05). In polyp, these differences were greater than nodule group. In vocal paralysis, mean air flow rate was significantly increased than other groups. In glottic cancer (T1), expiratory air pressure was significantly increased than other groups. In laryngitis and sulcus vocalis, mean air flow rate was increased in some phonation methods. But their differences were less significant than other groups. After laryngomicrosurgery, mean air flow rate and expiratory air pressure were decreased in both groups. CONCLUSION: The aerodynamic test using the airway interruption method is a noninvasive, easy to perform and reliable for evaluation of aerodynamic conditions at the glottis. This research finds that the interruption method is effective both in evaluation of the treatment and in postoperative assessments of the laryngeal disorder patients.

Effects of EMLA Cream on the Structure of the Rat Tympanic Membrane / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: EMLA cream is a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine and has excellent anesthetic effect on tympanic membrane but histologic influence on tympanic membrane is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate its histologic effects on tympanic membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 Sprague-Dawly rats were divided into 6 groups. Each group was treated with application of EMLA cream into external ear canal and then were sacrificed at 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after application of the agents. RESULTS: 1) Transmission electron microscopy revealed partial loss of epithelial cell at 4 hours after application of the agents. 2) The specimen showed damaged cells in the epidermal layer and partial loss of basement membrane at 24 hours after application of the agents. 3) At 1 week after application of the agents epidermal layer and inner epithelium with connective tissue predominated. Thus the fibrous layer represent only 1/3 of total drum thickness. In the basal layers widened intercellular spaces were noted. 4) At 2 weeks after application of the agents newly formed connective tissue was found at fibrous layer and numerous fibroblasts were noted at inner epithelial layer. but overall histologic changes of the drum were not significant and healing processes was noted. CONCLUSION: EMLA cream has less histopathologic effects on tympanic membrane, and early recovery process occurred.

Structural changes of the synapses within glomeruli of the olfactory bulb after lesion of olfactory epithelium in the rat / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

Histopathological study of vocal nodule and polyp / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

A case report on human infection with Anisakis sp. in Korea

Authors experienced a case of human infection with Anisakis sp. in left tonsil. The case was 27 year Korean female who visited Department of Otolaryngology, Severance Hospital with the chief complaints of swollowing difficulty, and the sensation of a foreign body in the throat, on November 20th 1968. Physical examination of the oral cavity revealed that both palatin tonsil were chronically enlarged. A larval worm was found in crypt of the upper portion of the left palatin tonsil. Chief complaints of the patient was improved after removal of it by forceps. The greyish white living worm was fixed in lactophenol solution for morphological study. The worm measured 36 mm in length by 0.6 mm in width, 2.4 mm in esophageal length, 1.4 mm in ventricule, 0.1 mm in tail length, and 0.025 mm in caudal spine length, respectively and histological study was carried out from the serial section of the larva which was stained with hematoxylin eosin. Authors identified that the larva was Anisakis species.